The long-tailed
gentoo penguin (
// JEN-too) (
Pygoscelis papua) is a penguin species in the genus
Pygoscelis, most closely associated with the
Adélie penguin (
P. adeliae) and the
chinstrap penguin (
P. antarcticus). The first scientific description was made in 1781 by
Johann Reinhold Forster with a reference point of the
Falkland Islands. They call in a variety of ways, but the most frequently heard is a loud trumpeting which is emitted with its head thrown back.
The application of
gentoo to the penguin is unclear. The
Oxford English Dictionary notes that
gentoo used to be an Anglo-Indian term used as early as 1638 to distinguish
Hindus in India from Muslims. The English term may have originated from the Portuguese
gentio (compare "
gentile"). In the 20th century the term came to be regarded as
derogatory.
by wikipedia
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